High-Efficiency MPPT Solar Charger & Battery Monitor with ESP32

Educational Notes

This project is designed to be accessible to students from Class 4 to Masters level, with complexity scalable to match different age groups and skill levels.

Learning Objectives:

• Understand basic electronics and circuitry principles
• Learn sensor applications and data collection techniques
• Develop problem-solving skills through hands-on building and troubleshooting
• Apply programming concepts to control hardware and process data
• Connect projects to real-world Nepalese contexts and challenges

Adaptability:

• For younger students (Class 4-8): Focus on assembling pre-built circuits, observing results, and understanding basic concepts
• For intermediate students (Class 9-12): Modify code, experiment with parameters, and explore underlying principles
• For advanced students (Undergraduate/Masters): Optimize designs, add features, conduct research extensions, and analyze performance

Safety Note: Always supervise younger students when working with electricity, heat, or moving parts.

Maximize solar energy harvesting using ESP32 PWM tracking, ACS712 current sensors, and Voltage Detection Modules.

Hardware Bill of Materials:

• Microcontroller: ESP32 (38 Pin) WiFi + Bluetooth NodeMCU-32 Development Board
• Current Sensors: 2x Hall Current Sensor Module ACS712 20A model (Panel & Battery)
• Voltage Sensors: 2x Voltage Detection Sensor Module 25V
• Switching MOSFETs: 2x IRF Z44N N-Channel Power MOSFET
• Display: 1602 (16x2) LCD Display with I2C/IIC Interface

Circuit Pinout & Wiring Connections:

Firmware Source Code (ESP32 C++)

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>

// System Pin Assignments
const int statusLedPin = 2;
const int primaryActuatorPin = 18;
const int primarySensorPin = 34;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(statusLedPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(primaryActuatorPin, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(primaryActuatorPin, LOW);
  Serial.println("High-Efficiency MPPT Solar Charger & Battery Monitor with ESP32 Controller Operational.");
}

void loop() {
  int sensorValue = analogRead(primarySensorPin);
  Serial.printf("Telemetry Sensor Raw Input: %d\n", sensorValue);

  // Status Indicator Pulse
  digitalWrite(statusLedPin, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(statusLedPin, LOW);

  delay(1800);
}